![]() ![]() Road and parking pricing, mixed use zoning, investments in alternative modes, and household travel planning programs represent just a small sample of the possibilities. There are plenty of policy ideas for how to reduce VMT. ![]() A number of state governments – including California, Washington, and Florida – have recently passed legislation aiming to rein in VMT, and many cities have independently begun to take action to reduce VMT in their jurisdictions. These include alleviating traffic congestion, reducing air pollution, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing our dependence on foreign oil, improving public health through increased exercise, and enhancing interactions within our communities. Reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) would generate many benefits. In addition, experimental research designs that can identify causal direction are rare, and appropriate data that quantifies vehicle miles traveled are often lacking. Variation in effect size based on local context or interaction with related policies and programs has been left largely unexplored. However, we highlight gaps in the knowledge base at a time when decision makers at the local level are being increasingly called upon to take action to reduce vehicle miles traveled. ![]() Overall, though individual studies differ as to exact effect sizes, it is clear that local-level policymakers can take actions that are likely to affect vehicle miles traveled. Our results quantify how much vehicle miles traveled can be expected to change in response to changes in policy or land use factors, including residential density and land use mix, as well as specific transport policies and programs such as transit improvements, road pricing, and programs aimed at changing people’s travel choices. We then summarize and critique evidence from the US on the association between 14 distinct factors and vehicle miles traveled. In this paper, we present a discussion of the challenges for research on the topic of vehicle miles traveled. ![]()
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